Regulations
Regulatory developments, compliance updates, and policy changes in global finance.
EU Consumer Credit Directive 2 Deadline Brings Buy-Now-Pay-Later into Regulated Credit Framework
EU member states faced a 20 November 2025 deadline to transpose CCD2, subjecting buy-now-pay-later products to credit regulation — including affordability checks — for the first time.
OCC November 2025 enforcement release contains no new actions against banks
The OCC's November release covered a prohibition order against a former Associated Bank executive and a modified order for a former Wells Fargo risk officer that removed a $10m penalty.
Federal Reserve Issues Supervisory Principles to Focus Examiners on Material Financial Risks
The Federal Reserve published new supervisory operating principles directing examiners to concentrate on material financial risks to safety and soundness, reducing duplication across examinations.
Central Bank of Kuwait Imposes KWD 35,000 Penalty on Kuwaiti Bank for AML/CFT Failures
Kuwait's CBK fined an unnamed Kuwaiti bank KWD 35,000 on 18 November 2025 for breaching AML/CFT obligations under Law No. 106 of 2013 and CBK instructions.
Brazil's Central Bank Orders Extrajudicial Liquidation of Banco Master After Controlling Shareholder Arrested
Brazil's BCB ordered the extrajudicial liquidation of Banco Master on 18 November 2025 after controlling shareholder Daniel Vorcaro was arrested in a fraud investigation.
Saudi Arabia's SAMA Revokes FAS Finance Company Licence Following Voluntary Liquidation
Saudi Central Bank SAMA cancelled FAS Finance Company's microfinance licence after the firm completed voluntary liquidation and deregistered its commercial register.
Brazil's Central Bank Issues VASP Regulations Under Virtual Assets Law, Effective February 2026
Brazil's BCB issued Resolutions 519, 520, and 521 on 10 November 2025, establishing governance, capital, and licensing rules for virtual asset service providers.
ECB Imposes First Climate-Risk Penalty, Ordering Spain's ABANCA to Pay €187,650
The ECB imposed €187,650 in periodic penalty payments on Spain's ABANCA for failing to reinforce its identification of material climate-related risks by the required deadline.
BaFin Fines J.P. Morgan SE Record €45 Million for Delayed Suspicious Transaction Reports
Germany's BaFin has imposed a record €45 million penalty on J.P. Morgan SE for systematically late AML filings — the largest fine in the regulator's history.
South Africa's Prudential Authority Sanctions Discovery Bank for FICA Non-Compliance
South Africa's Prudential Authority announced on 7 November 2025 a R3 million penalty and other administrative sanctions on Discovery Bank for non-compliance with the Financial Intelligence Centre Act.
Central Bank of Ireland Fines Coinbase Europe €21.5 Million for AML/CFT Monitoring Failures
Ireland's Central Bank fined Coinbase Europe €21.46 million after a 30% settlement discount for AML/CFT transaction monitoring breaches spanning April 2021 to March 2025.
Federal Reserve finalises changes to supervisory rating framework for large bank holding companies
Under the revised framework, a large bank holding company with no more than one deficient-1 component rating can be considered well managed; any deficient-2 rating still means it is not.