Coverage: Q3 2025 · Information to 21 November 2025
Originally Published as TGB Premium Intelligence
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TGB Quarterly Regional Banking Monitor · 21 November 2025
Most Asia-Pacific central banks held policy rates in October and November 2025 after earlier cuts, as Chinese bank margins steadied at 1.42% and Indonesian banks passed on only part of 125bp of policy easing.
The desk view
Most Asia-Pacific central banks paused in October and November 2025: the Reserve Bank of Australia, the Bank of Japan, the Reserve Bank of India, the Bank of Korea, the Bank of Thailand, Bank Negara Malaysia and Bank Indonesia all left their policy rates unchanged at their latest meetings. Banks entered the pause with solid capital: a CET1 ratio of 12.4% in Australia, a total capital ratio of 24.4% at Hong Kong's locally incorporated institutions and a capital adequacy ratio of 26.15% in Indonesia. The weak points are elsewhere. Chinese commercial banks earned a return on assets of 0.63% while their NPL ratio rose to 1.52%, and Indonesian lending rates fell only 20bp against 125bp of BI-Rate cuts. Lower interest rates are also narrowing bank margins in Hong Kong and Singapore.
The regional picture: an easing cycle on pause
Most of the region's central banks spent October and November waiting rather than cutting. The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) cut its cash rate by 25bp to 3.60% on 12 August 2025 and left it there on 4 November. The Bank of Japan kept its guideline for the overnight call rate at around 0.5% on 30 October by a 7-2 vote, with the two dissenting members proposing 0.75%. The Monetary Policy Committee of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) voted unanimously on 1 October to hold the repo rate at 5.50%. The Bank of Korea held its Base Rate at 2.50% on 23 October, with one member voting for a 25bp cut. The Bank of Thailand held its policy rate at 1.50% on 8 October by five votes to two, and Bank Negara Malaysia kept its overnight policy rate at 2.75% on 6 November. Bank Indonesia, whose BI-Rate cuts in 2025 totalled 125bp, held the rate at 4.75% at its 18-19 November meeting.
China's one-year and over-five-year loan prime rates stood at 3.0% and 3.5% at the 20 November fixing. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) left the rate of appreciation, width and centre of its exchange-rate policy band unchanged on 14 October. Hong Kong followed US policy: the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA) set its Base Rate at 4.5% on 18 September and at 4.25% on 30 October under its pre-set formula.
The pauses had different causes. In Australia, trimmed mean inflation rose to 3.0% over the year to the September quarter, from 2.7% in the June quarter, and the Board judged it appropriate to remain cautious. In India, the committee chose to wait for front-loaded easing and recent fiscal measures to work through, even though it had cut its 2025-26 inflation projection to 2.6%. In Korea, renewed signs of overheating in the Seoul housing market and a sharp rise in exchange-rate volatility argued against an immediate cut.
Policy rates after the latest decision, %
Source: Reserve Bank of Australia, Statement by the Monetary Policy Board: Monetary Policy Decision (Media Release 2025-31), 4 November 2025; Bank of Japan, Statement on Monetary Policy (30 October 2025), 30 October 2025; People's Bank of China, Announcement on Loan Prime Rate (November 20, 2025), 20 November 2025; Reserve Bank of India, Monetary Policy Statement, 2025-26: Resolution of the Monetary Policy Committee, September 29 to October 1, 2025, 1 October 2025; Bank of Korea, Monetary Policy Decision & Opening Remarks to the Press Conference (October 23, 2025), 23 October 2025; Bank Indonesia, BI-Rate Held at 4.75%: Maintaining Stability, Strengthening Economic Growth (No: 27/274/DKom), 19 November 2025; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Adjustment of Base Rate (30 October 2025), 30 October 2025; Bank Negara Malaysia, Monetary Policy Statement (6 November 2025), 6 November 2025; Bank of Thailand, Monetary Policy Committee's Decision 5/2025 (BOT Press Release No. 36/2025), 8 October 2025; Monetary Authority of Singapore, MAS Monetary Policy Statement - October 2025, 14 October 2025; National Financial Regulatory Administration (via Chinese Government portal gov.cn), 2025年三季度银行业保险业主要监管指标数据情况 (Main regulatory indicators of the banking and insurance sectors, Q3 2025), 14 November 2025; Reserve Bank of Australia, Financial Stability Review – October 2025, Chapter 3: Resilience of the Australian Financial System, 2 October 2025; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Half-Yearly Monetary and Financial Stability Report (September 2025), Chapter 5: Banking sector performance, 29 September 2025; Reserve Bank of India, Financial Stability Report, June 2025 – Chapter II: Financial Institutions: Soundness and Resilience, 30 June 2025; Bank of Japan, Financial Results of Japan's Banks for Fiscal 2024, 12 September 2025; Bank of Japan, Financial System Report (October 2025) – web page and executive summary, 23 October 2025.
Singapore is not shown because MAS sets policy through its exchange-rate band. Banking-system data are published on different calendars, so the comparisons below mix reference dates: Chinese data refer to the third quarter of 2025, Indonesian data to September or October 2025, Australian, Hong Kong and Indian supervisory data to June or March 2025, and Japanese data to fiscal 2024 or end-September 2025.
China: stable margins, slowly rising bad loans
China's banking institutions held RMB474.3 trillion of assets at the end of the third quarter of 2025, up 7.9% year on year. Commercial banks' NPL balance rose by RMB88.3 billion in the quarter to RMB3.5 trillion, and the NPL ratio rose by 0.03 percentage point to 1.52%. The share of special-mention loans, the category just above NPLs, rose to 2.20% from 2.17% in the second quarter. The provision coverage ratio was 207.15% and the loan provision ratio 3.14%.
Net interest margin was 1.42% in both the second and third quarters, after 1.43% in the first quarter. A flat margin suggests that pricing pressure had at least stopped intensifying, although at 1.42% it remained thin. Commercial banks earned RMB1.9 trillion of net profit in the first three quarters, with return on assets of 0.63% and return on equity of 8.18%. The share of non-interest income fell to 23.24% from 25.75% in the second quarter, while the cost-to-income ratio rose to 31.82% from 30.23%. The capital adequacy ratio was 15.36%, the Tier 1 ratio 12.36% and the core Tier 1 ratio 10.87%. The liquidity coverage ratio was 149.73% and the renminbi loan-to-deposit ratio 80.46%.
China: commercial bank indicators, 2025
| Indicator | Q1 2025 | Q2 2025 | Q3 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| NPL ratio | 1.51% | 1.49% | 1.52% |
| Special-mention loans, share of loans | 2.18% | 2.17% | 2.20% |
| Net interest margin | 1.43% | 1.42% | 1.42% |
| Return on assets | 0.68% | 0.63% | 0.63% |
| Non-interest income share | 25.0% | 25.8% | 23.2% |
| Cost-to-income ratio | 29.0% | 30.2% | 31.8% |
| Capital adequacy ratio | 15.28% | 15.58% | 15.36% |
Smaller Chinese lenders carry more of the strain
Pressure is concentrated in smaller lenders. At the end of the third quarter, rural commercial banks had an NPL ratio of 2.82% and city commercial banks 1.84%, against 1.22% at both large commercial banks and joint-stock banks. Rural commercial banks' provision coverage was 160.2%, against 243.9% at large banks, and their return on assets was 0.50%, against 0.67%. Large banks' net interest margin was 1.31%, below the 1.56% of joint-stock banks and the 1.58% of rural commercial banks.
China: indicators by type of commercial bank, end-Q3 2025
| Bank type | NPL ratio | Net interest margin | Provision coverage | Capital adequacy ratio | Return on assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large commercial banks | 1.22% | 1.31% | 243.9% | 17.99% | 0.67% |
| Joint-stock banks | 1.22% | 1.56% | 210.1% | 13.48% | 0.69% |
| City commercial banks | 1.84% | 1.37% | 176.8% | 12.40% | 0.54% |
| Private banks | 1.83% | 3.83% | 219.4% | 12.14% | 0.89% |
| Rural commercial banks | 2.82% | 1.58% | 160.2% | 13.20% | 0.50% |
| Foreign banks | 1.06% | 1.35% | 230.5% | 20.75% | 0.57% |
According to the People's Bank of China, outstanding renminbi loans stood at RMB270.61 trillion at the end of October 2025, up 6.5% year on year, while aggregate financing to the real economy rose 8.5% to RMB437.72 trillion. Within that total, outstanding government bonds grew 19.2% to RMB93.03 trillion. Government borrowing, not bank lending, was therefore the faster-growing source of financing. Inclusive loans to small and micro enterprises reached RMB36.5 trillion at the end of the third quarter, up 12.1%.
Japan: higher yen rates support bank earnings
The Bank of Japan's 30 October decision kept the overnight call rate guideline at around 0.5%, and two board members proposed a move to around 0.75%. Following its 19 September decision, the Bank will sell exchange-traded funds to the market at a pace of about ¥330 billion a year.
The Bank's October 2025 Financial System Report, which uses data to end-September 2025, assessed that Japan's financial system has been maintaining stability on the whole. Domestic loans at privately owned banks were growing at an annual rate of around 3.5%. Core profitability, measured by pre-provision net revenue excluding trading income, has continued to improve, helped by rising yen interest rates. Deposit growth from individuals and firms remained positive but has slowed.
The fiscal 2024 results show the earnings effect. Net income at the major financial groups was about ¥4.5 trillion, up 33.2%, and at regional banks about ¥1.3 trillion, up 36.8%. Capital adequacy ratios increased for all types of bank.
The Bank flagged two risks for the period ahead. Banks' real estate-related exposures have been on an uptrend, and foreign investors, including hedge funds, have increased their transaction volume in Japanese government bond markets significantly.
India: policy on hold while the rulebook changes
The RBI's Monetary Policy Committee kept the repo rate at 5.50% on 1 October, leaving the standing deposit facility rate at 5.25% and the marginal standing facility rate at 5.75%. It kept a neutral stance, although two members preferred to move to accommodative. The committee lowered its 2025-26 headline inflation projection to 2.6%, from 3.7% in June and 3.1% in August. Headline CPI inflation had fallen to an eight-year low of 1.6% in July 2025 before rising to 2.1% in August. Real GDP growth for 2025-26 was projected at 6.8%.
Bank balance sheets were strong going into the pause. The RBI's latest Financial Stability Report put the gross NPA ratio of scheduled commercial banks at a multi-decadal low of 2.3% in March 2025. Their capital to risk-weighted assets ratio rose to a record high of 17.3%. In the RBI's baseline stress test, the gross NPA ratio of 46 banks may edge up from 2.3% in March 2025 to 2.5% by March 2027.
The RBI used the 1 October policy to announce a wide set of regulatory changes. It proposed to replace incurred-loss provisioning with an expected credit loss approach, subject to a prudential floor. It also proposed draft guidelines implementing the revised Basel standardised approach for credit risk. Banks currently pay a deposit insurance premium of 12 paise per ₹100 of assessable deposits, and the RBI proposed a risk-based premium model to take effect from the next financial year. It also proposed an enabling framework for banks to finance acquisitions by Indian corporates.
Australia: strong capital, firmer inflation
The RBA's November decision followed firmer inflation data. Headline inflation rose to 3.2% over the year to the September quarter, and the unemployment rate rose to 4.5% in September from 4.3% in August. The central forecast in the RBA's November Statement on Monetary Policy assumes one more rate cut in 2026, with underlying inflation rising above 3% before settling at 2.6% in 2027.
The RBA's October 2025 Financial Stability Review saw the largest risks to financial stability as coming from abroad. Non-performing loans rose modestly to 1.2% of bank credit in June 2025. The banking system's CET1 ratio was 12.4% of risk-weighted assets. Less than 1% of loans are in negative equity at current housing prices, but around 45% of business NPLs are not classified by banks as well secured. Banks report some pressure on margins from lending competition, while funding costs are also falling. The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority's (APRA) changes to bank capital take effect from 2027 and replace Additional Tier 1 instruments, which are expected to be phased out by 2032.
Australia: authorised deposit-taking institutions, key statistics
| Indicator | June 2024 | June 2025 |
|---|---|---|
| Net profit after tax, year-end (A$bn) | 39.0 | 40.1 |
| Total assets (A$bn) | 6,226.2 | 6,673.8 |
| Total capital ratio | 20.4% | 20.4% |
| Liquidity coverage ratio | 133.0% | 130.1% |
| Net stable funding ratio | 116.2% | 115.9% |
| Housing loans 30-89 days past due | 0.66% | 0.55% |
| Non-performing housing loans | 1.04% | 1.07% |
| Commercial property exposures (A$bn) | 424.1 | 464.1 |
| New housing loans with DTI of 6x or more | 5.0% | 5.5% |
APRA data show net profit up 2.9% and an unchanged total capital ratio of 20.4%. The share of new housing loans with a debt-to-income ratio of six times or more rose to 5.5% while early arrears fell to 0.55%, so lending standards rather than current repayment stress are the indicator to follow.
Hong Kong and Singapore: lower rates squeeze margins
Hong Kong's Base Rate is set at 50bp above the lower end of the US federal funds target range, unless an average of HIBOR rates is higher. The quarterly average one-month HIBOR fell to 1.93% in the quarter to June 2025, from 4.39% a year earlier. Retail banks' pre-tax operating profit still grew 13.4% in the first half of 2025, and their return on assets improved to 1.27%, but their net interest margin narrowed to 1.47% from 1.51%. Capital remained high: locally incorporated institutions had a total capital ratio of 24.4%, a CET1 ratio of 19.9% and a leverage ratio of 7.9% at the end of June 2025. The gross classified loan ratio edged up to 1.97% at the end of June 2025 from 1.96% at the end of December 2024, driven largely by commercial real estate loans. The classified loan ratio on Mainland-related lending fell to 2.16% from 2.78% a year earlier.
Hong Kong: banking-sector indicators
| Indicator | June 2024 | March 2025 | June 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| One-month HIBOR, quarterly average | 4.39% | 3.88% | 1.93% |
| Total loans, quarterly change | -0.9% | +0.6% | +1.9% |
| Classified loans, gross, all institutions | 1.89% | 1.98% | 1.97% |
| Classified loans, Mainland-related lending | 2.78% | 2.27% | 2.16% |
| Retail banks' net interest margin | 1.51% | 1.51% | 1.47% |
| Retail banks' cost-to-income ratio | 38.3% | 35.9% | 36.7% |
| Liquidity coverage ratio, category 1 | 183.3% | 182.5% | 172.8% |
In Singapore, DBS Group's third-quarter 2025 results show the same pattern at bank level. Profit before tax reached a record S$3.48 billion and total income a new high of S$5.93 billion. Net profit of S$2.95 billion was 2% lower because of the global minimum tax, and return on equity was 17.1%. The group net interest margin fell 15bp from a year earlier to 1.96%. Deposits grew 9% in constant-currency terms to S$596 billion, and wealth management fees rose 31% to S$796 million. Asset quality held up: the NPL ratio was unchanged at 1.0%, specific allowances were 15bp of loans, and the reported CET1 ratio was 16.9%, or 15.1% on a fully phased-in basis.
Indonesia: easing has yet to reach borrowers
Bank Indonesia held the BI-Rate at 4.75%, the deposit facility rate at 3.75% and the lending facility rate at 5.50% on 18-19 November. Against BI-Rate cuts totalling 125bp, the one-month term deposit rate fell only 56bp, from 4.81% at the beginning of 2025 to 4.25% in October 2025. The central bank attributed the lag mainly to special rates paid to large depositors, which account for 27% of third-party funds. Lending rates fell just 20bp, from 9.20% to 9.00%.
Credit growth slowed to 7.36% year on year in October 2025 from 7.70% in September. Undisbursed loans reached Rp2,450.7 trillion, or 22.97% of loans available, while deposits grew 11.48% and liquid assets equalled 29.47% of third-party funds. Loans to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) contracted by 0.11%, and Bank Indonesia expects 2025 loan growth at the lower end of its 8-11% range. The constraint therefore lies in loan demand and pricing rather than bank liquidity.
Capital and asset quality remain sound. The capital adequacy ratio rose to 26.15% in September 2025, with NPLs at 2.24% gross and 0.87% net. The gross NPL ratio on MSME loans rose from 4.46% in September 2025 to 4.51% in October. Bank Indonesia has disbursed Rp404.6 trillion of macroprudential liquidity incentives and will make them more performance-based from 1 December 2025, adding about Rp18.5 trillion. It said it would continue to consider room for further BI-Rate cuts, with inflation forecast within its 2.5% plus or minus 1% target corridor.
Indonesia: banking indicators
| Indicator | Value | Reference date |
|---|---|---|
| Capital adequacy ratio | 26.15% | September 2025 |
| Gross NPL ratio | 2.24% | September 2025 |
| Net NPL ratio | 0.87% | September 2025 |
| MSME gross NPL ratio | 4.51% | October 2025 |
| Credit growth, year on year | 7.36% | October 2025 |
| Deposit growth, year on year | 11.48% | October 2025 |
| Liquid assets to third-party funds | 29.47% | October 2025 |
| Undisbursed loans, share of loans available | 22.97% | October 2025 |
| One-month term deposit rate | 4.25% | October 2025 |
| Lending rate | 9.00% | October 2025 |
South Korea, Thailand and Malaysia
The Bank of Korea kept its Base Rate at 2.50% on 23 October and said it would maintain its rate-cut stance, adjusting the timing and pace of further cuts. It cited renewed signs of overheating in housing in Seoul and its surrounding areas, which prompted further government stabilisation measures, and a sharp rise in exchange-rate volatility.
The Bank of Thailand's committee voted five to two on 8 October to hold its policy rate at 1.50%, with the minority favouring a cut to 1.25%. It said overall credit continues to contract and the credit quality of vulnerable groups has deteriorated. It projects growth of 2.2% in 2025 and 1.6% in 2026. Bank Negara Malaysia held its overnight policy rate at 2.75% on 6 November, with headline and core inflation averaging 1.4% and 1.9% year to date.
Cross-country comparison
Asia-Pacific banking monitor: policy rates and system indicators (reference dates in brackets)
| Economy | Policy rate (latest decision) | Capital | Asset quality | Profitability |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | One-year LPR 3.0% (20 Nov 2025) | CAR 15.36%; core Tier 1 10.87% (Q3 2025) | NPL ratio 1.52% (Q3 2025) | ROA 0.63%; NIM 1.42% (Q3 2025) |
| Japan | Around 0.5% (30 Oct 2025) | Capital adequacy ratios up for all bank types (FY2024) | Not available | Major groups' net income about ¥4.5trn, up 33.2% (FY2024) |
| India | Repo rate 5.50% (1 Oct 2025) | CRAR 17.3% (Mar 2025) | Gross NPA ratio 2.3% (Mar 2025) | Not available |
| Australia | Cash rate 3.60% (4 Nov 2025) | CET1 12.4% (Jun 2025) | NPLs 1.2% of credit (Jun 2025) | ADI net profit A$40.1bn (year to Jun 2025) |
| South Korea | Base Rate 2.50% (23 Oct 2025) | Not available | Not available | Not available |
| Indonesia | BI-Rate 4.75% (19 Nov 2025) | CAR 26.15% (Sep 2025) | Gross NPL 2.24% (Sep 2025) | Not available |
| Hong Kong | Base Rate 4.25% (30 Oct 2025) | Total capital ratio 24.4% (Jun 2025) | Gross classified loans 1.97% (Jun 2025) | Retail banks' ROA 1.27% (H1 2025) |
| Singapore | Exchange-rate band unchanged (14 Oct 2025) | DBS CET1 16.9% (Q3 2025) | DBS NPL ratio 1.0% (Q3 2025) | DBS ROE 17.1% (Q3 2025) |
| Thailand | Policy rate 1.50% (8 Oct 2025) | Not available | Credit quality of vulnerable groups deteriorated | Not available |
| Malaysia | OPR 2.75% (6 Nov 2025) | Not available | Not available | Not available |
Source: People's Bank of China, Announcement on Loan Prime Rate (November 20, 2025), 20 November 2025; National Financial Regulatory Administration (via Chinese Government portal gov.cn), 2025年三季度银行业保险业主要监管指标数据情况 (Main regulatory indicators of the banking and insurance sectors, Q3 2025), 14 November 2025; National Financial Regulatory Administration, 2025年商业银行主要监管指标情况表(季度) (attachment 2 to the Q3 2025 release), 14 November 2025; Bank of Japan, Statement on Monetary Policy (30 October 2025), 30 October 2025; Bank of Japan, Financial Results of Japan's Banks for Fiscal 2024, 12 September 2025; Reserve Bank of India, Monetary Policy Statement, 2025-26: Resolution of the Monetary Policy Committee, September 29 to October 1, 2025, 1 October 2025; Reserve Bank of India, Financial Stability Report, June 2025 – Chapter II: Financial Institutions: Soundness and Resilience, 30 June 2025; Reserve Bank of Australia, Statement by the Monetary Policy Board: Monetary Policy Decision (Media Release 2025-31), 4 November 2025; Reserve Bank of Australia, Financial Stability Review – October 2025, Chapter 3: Resilience of the Australian Financial System, 2 October 2025; Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, APRA releases quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution statistics for June 2025, 11 September 2025; Bank of Korea, Monetary Policy Decision & Opening Remarks to the Press Conference (October 23, 2025), 23 October 2025; Bank Indonesia, BI-Rate Held at 4.75%: Maintaining Stability, Strengthening Economic Growth (No: 27/274/DKom), 19 November 2025; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Adjustment of Base Rate (30 October 2025), 30 October 2025; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Half-Yearly Monetary and Financial Stability Report (September 2025), Chapter 5: Banking sector performance, 29 September 2025; Monetary Authority of Singapore, MAS Monetary Policy Statement - October 2025, 14 October 2025; DBS Group Holdings, Third-quarter profit before tax up 1% to a record SGD 3.48 billion, ROE at 17.1%, 6 November 2025; Bank of Thailand, Monetary Policy Committee's Decision 5/2025 (BOT Press Release No. 36/2025), 8 October 2025; Bank Negara Malaysia, Monetary Policy Statement (6 November 2025), 6 November 2025.
The comparison points to three groups. India and Indonesia combine relatively high policy rates of 5.50% and 4.75% with strong reported capital, at 17.3% and 26.15%. China's banks report a capital adequacy ratio of 15.36% but a return on assets of only 0.63%, so weak earnings rather than capital are the constraint. In Hong Kong and Singapore, falling rates are compressing margins while capital stays high.
Outlook risks
In China, the indicator to watch is the NPL ratio of rural commercial banks, at 2.82% with provision coverage of 160.2%. In Japan, the Bank of Japan has flagged banks' growing real estate-related exposures and the sharp rise in trading by foreign investors, including hedge funds, in government bond markets. In Australia, the RBA's own forecast has underlying inflation above 3% in coming quarters and assumes only one more rate cut in 2026. In India, the proposed move to expected credit loss provisioning, subject to a prudential floor, comes while the gross NPA ratio is at a multi-decadal low of 2.3%. In Indonesia, the rise in MSME bad loans to 4.51% and the slow fall in lending rates are the pressure points. In Hong Kong, commercial real estate loans remain the main driver of classified loans.
What to watch
- 1 December 2025: Bank Indonesia's more performance-based macroprudential liquidity incentives take effect, adding about Rp18.5 trillion.
- 3–5 December 2025: next meeting of the RBI's Monetary Policy Committee.
- 2027: APRA's changes to bank capital take effect, with Additional Tier 1 instruments expected to be phased out by 2032.
Primary sources: National Financial Regulatory Administration (via Chinese Government portal gov.cn), 2025年三季度银行业保险业主要监管指标数据情况 (Main regulatory indicators of the banking and insurance sectors, Q3 2025), 14 November 2025; Reserve Bank of Australia, Statement by the Monetary Policy Board: Monetary Policy Decision (Media Release 2025-31), 4 November 2025; Bank of Japan, Statement on Monetary Policy (30 October 2025), 30 October 2025; Reserve Bank of India, Monetary Policy Statement, 2025-26: Resolution of the Monetary Policy Committee, September 29 to October 1, 2025, 1 October 2025; Bank of Korea, Monetary Policy Decision & Opening Remarks to the Press Conference (October 23, 2025), 23 October 2025; Bank Indonesia, BI-Rate Held at 4.75%: Maintaining Stability, Strengthening Economic Growth (No: 27/274/DKom), 19 November 2025; National Financial Regulatory Administration, 2025年商业银行主要监管指标情况表(季度) (attachment 2 to the Q3 2025 release), 14 November 2025; Reserve Bank of Australia, Financial Stability Review – October 2025, Chapter 3: Resilience of the Australian Financial System, 2 October 2025; Bank of Thailand, Monetary Policy Committee's Decision 5/2025 (BOT Press Release No. 36/2025), 8 October 2025; Bank Negara Malaysia, Monetary Policy Statement (6 November 2025), 6 November 2025; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Half-Yearly Monetary and Financial Stability Report (September 2025), Chapter 5: Banking sector performance, 29 September 2025; DBS Group Holdings, Third-quarter profit before tax up 1% to a record SGD 3.48 billion, ROE at 17.1%, 6 November 2025; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Adjustment of Base Rate (30 October 2025), 30 October 2025; Reserve Bank of Australia, Statement by the Monetary Policy Board: Monetary Policy Decision (Media Release 2025-22), 12 August 2025; People's Bank of China, Announcement on Loan Prime Rate (November 20, 2025), 20 November 2025; Monetary Authority of Singapore, MAS Monetary Policy Statement - October 2025, 14 October 2025; Hong Kong Monetary Authority, Adjustment of Base Rate (18 September 2025), 18 September 2025; Reserve Bank of India, Financial Stability Report, June 2025 – Chapter II: Financial Institutions: Soundness and Resilience, 30 June 2025; Bank of Japan, Financial Results of Japan's Banks for Fiscal 2024, 12 September 2025; Bank of Japan, Financial System Report (October 2025) – web page and executive summary, 23 October 2025; National Financial Regulatory Administration, 2025年商业银行主要指标分机构类情况表(季度) (attachment 3 to the Q3 2025 release), 14 November 2025; People's Bank of China, Financial Statistics Report (October 2025), 13 November 2025; Bank of Japan, Statement on Monetary Policy (19 September 2025), 19 September 2025; Bank of Japan, Financial System Report (October 2025) – full text, 23 October 2025; Reserve Bank of India, Statement on Developmental and Regulatory Policies (1 October 2025), 1 October 2025; Reserve Bank of Australia, Release of Financial Stability Review – October 2025 (Media Release 2025-29), 2 October 2025; Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, APRA releases quarterly authorised deposit-taking institution statistics for June 2025, 11 September 2025.